The other meridians are sinusoidal curves, bulging away from the central meridian and equally spaced. Sinusoidal is a pseudocylindric projection. The central meridian is straight, and the others are curves that derive from a true division of each parallel. Flattening the Earth. The projection distorts shape, area, scale, and distance in an attempt to balance the errors of projection properties. 04-0092_ncrs being used to project the data. The projection was developed in the 16th century. For example, in the Sinusoidal projection, the equator and all parallels are their true lengths. The other meridians are sinusoidal curves, bulging away from the central meridian and equally spaced. Shape 3. The equator and the central meridian are projected as straight lines, where the projected equator is two times as long as the central meridian. The central meridian is straight, and the others are curves that derive from a true division of each parallel. Alternative formats reduce the distortion along outer meridians by interrupting the continuity of the projection over the oceans and by centering the continents around their own central meridians, or vice versa. Formula for a Sinusoidal Function A sinusoidal function can be written in terms of the sine (U. Washington): Where A, B, C, D are fixed constants and A & B are positive. The Sinusoidal projection and the Werner projection are equal area projections of the world. As another example, nates, but in the properties of the projections. Mercator's 1569 edition was a large planisphere measuring 202 by 124 cm, printed in eighteen separate sheets. Raisz, Erwin. In the sinusoidal projection, areas on the data grids are proportional to the same areas on the Earth, and distances are correct along all parallels and the central meridian. B. DISTORTION PROPERTIES angles, areas, directions, shapes and distances become distorted when transformed from a curved surface to a plane all these properties cannot be kept undistorted in a single projection usually the distortion in one property will be kept to … No projection can preserve all these properties, and as a result, all flat maps are distorted to some degree. Image of: Sinusoidal. This page was last modified on 25 October 2014, at 15:25. It is typically stated that this projection is area- The poles are presented as points and they appear as protruding edges. SATEC @ W.A. sumption that surface properties change little during this period of time, POLDER-3 can provide an adequate sampling of di-rectional space for a given pixel to reconstruct BRDF of surface ... level-3 gridded product in the Sinusoidal projection at 463.3-m spatial resolution. The graticule is symmetric across the equator and the central meridian. There are four main properties: Area — Some projections distort areas (e.g., Mercator projection) Notice how Greenland is about as big as South America on a Mercator projection. moderate near the projection center. The … Map Projections: A Working Manual. Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office. In other Equidistant projections, the equator and all meridians are true. It was presented by John Evelyn Edmund Craster in 1929. The Sinusoidal projection is an equal-area world map projection that has straight, horizontal parallels spaced equally at their true distances. – whuber Dec 10 '12 at 17:19 Scale is true along every parallel and the central meridian. Washington, DC: United Snyder, J. P. (1993). Sinusoidal is an equal-area (equivalent) projection. The boundary meridians bulge outward excessively producing considerable shape distortion near the map outline. Scale is true only on the central meridian and the parallels. In accomplishing this, the unavoidable east-west stretching of the map, which increases as distance away from the equatorincreases, is accompanied by a corresponding north-south stretching, so that at every point location, the east-west scale is the same as the north-south scale, making the project… The mapping platform for your organization, Free template maps and apps for your industry. Bulging meridians produce considerable distortion toward the edge of the projection. Properties Shape. It is available in ArcGIS Pro 1.0 and later and in ArcGIS Desktop 8.0 and later. • Media related to Sinusoidal projection at Wikimedia Commons Geological Survey Professional Paper 1395. Section H3 - Period D – Room 230 In reality, South America is eight times larger than Greenland. At one time this grid was called the "Sanson-Flamsteed" projection in honor of Nicholas Sanson, the French cartographer, and Flamsteed, the English astronomer, however the name was abandoned when it was discovered that Mercator and others had used this projection at an earlier date. A modern Mercator projection map. Map Projections: A Working Manual. Other meridians are sinusoidal curves. All meridians are curved lines. The Mercator projection was invented by Gerardus Mercator, a Flemish mapmaker. A Sinusoidal function or sine wave is a function of an oscillation. Of course, Bonne's projection could also be mated, along a standard meridian, with the Polyconic, and the Sinusoidal could be joined, along the Equator, with the Mercator or the Miller Cylindrical; as long as the two projections are everywhere conformal and have uniform scale where joined, they do not have to have the same properties elsewhere. A sinusoidal interrupted Mollweide projection discards the central meridian in favor of alternating half-meridians which terminate at right angles to the equator. This property is preserved, at least for half of the Equator, if we consider the transverse aspect of the Sinusoidal projection as well: The shape of South America suggests that an oblique Sinusoidal projection might be useful in producing an equal-area map of South America with low angular distortion. As in all cylindrical projections, parallels and meridians are straight and perpendicular to each other. Usage Porter C.I. [1], The best uses for this projection are mapping Africa or South America, since the distortion is least in these areas.[2]. Areas are represented accurately. Flattening the Earth. This projection compresses shapes in higher latitudes, but shapes are good in the central section. McGraw-Hill. Projection. However in the SINUSOIDAL PROJECTION PARAMETERS: the incorrect 6370997.000000 is reported. To achieve this accuracy with a Sinusoidal projection--at least at the boundaries of all land masses--requires each gore to extend no more than about 6 degrees from its central meridian: that would be 30 gores in each hemisphere, 60 total. a point are obtained by The sinusoidal projection is also used for ar- x R( o) cos chiving AVHRR datasets for the world, be- y R (1) cause the sinusoidal projection is a component part of the interrupted Goode Homolosine where R equals the radius of the sphere, projection used for referencing those data equals longitude east of Greenwich, o equals (Steinwand, Hutchinson, and Snyder 1995). At one time this grid was called the "Sanson-Flamsteed" projection in honor of Nicholas Sanson, the French cartographer, and Flamsteed, the … The projection has also been used for maps of continents near the equator, like South America and Africa, centered on their own central meridians. School Year 17-18 Semester 2. The item Africa: Sinusoidal Projection represents a specific, individual, material embodiment of a distinct intellectual or artistic creation found in Boston University Libraries. This item is available to borrow from all library branches. Projections. Still others (for example, Two-point Equidistant) show true scale between one or two points and every other point on the map. Below are the sections from the resample.log. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1395. Alternative formats reduce the distortion along outer meridians by interrupting the continuity of the projection over the oceans and by centering the continents around their own central meridians, or vice versa. Section E1 - Period A – Room 230. The graph of has an amplitude (maximum distance from x-axis) of 1 and a period (length of function before it repeats) of . The central meridian is a straight line and all other meridians are equally spaced sinusoidal curves. Area. Snyder, J. P. (1987). Local angles are correct along the central meridian and the equator but distorted elsewhere. Direction 4. every parallel and the central meridian. The Sinusoidal projection is an equal-area world map projection that has straight, horizontal parallels spaced equally at their true distances. Distortion values are symmetric across the equator and the central meridian. The Sinusodial projection is an equal-area map, much like the Mollweide though much more distorted. States Government Printing Office. General Cartography (1938), p. 88. We propose to use an array projector for 3-D shape measurements, which enables much higher projection frame rates of up to the 100-kHz range. Since many p… The Sinusoidal Projection is a coordinate transform often used to map geographical coordinates on to a flat surface in order to generate a map. We will continue to investigate this problem. The sinusoidal projection is a pseudocylindrical equal-area projection displaying all parallels and the central meridian at true scale. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1453. There are intermediate projections with similar properties, of which the best known is the Bonne projection. The parallels are equally spaced straight lines perpendicular to the central meridian. Smaller regions using the interrupted form exhibit less distortion than the uninterrupted sinusoidal projection of the world. In contrast to previous setups, it does not project well-known phase-shifted sinusoidal fringes and Gray code patterns, but aperiodic sinusoidal … The poles are greatly distorted due to the odd shape of the map. Shape and angles are correct along the central meridian and equator. Some of these properties are: 1. Properties of Sinusoidal Projection. Sinusoidal is a pseudocylindric projection. Distortion values are symmetric across the equator and the central Shapes are increasingly distorted away from the central meridian and near the poles. Fortunately, you can choose from many different map projections. Sinusoidal graph (blue) with constants A = 2, B = 3, C = 4, D = 5 and sin x (red). An Album of Map MCV4U1-E1/H3 – Calculus and Vectors - Grade 12 University Preparation. This is his famous world map of 1569. Its name is derived from sine. Jean Cossin of Dieppe was one of the first to use the Sinusoidal, in a 1570's map. considerable distortion toward the edge of the projection. Many properties can be measured on the earth's surface independently of its geography. The Sinusoidal projection and the Werner projection are equal area projections of the world. Also known as Sanson–Flamsteed—As a world map, this projection maintains equal area despite conformal distortion. An Album of Map The subsections below describe the sinusoidal projection properties. Sinusoidal is an equal-area (equivalent) projection. Bulging meridians produce In the Sinusoidal Equal Area projection all parallels and the central meridian are standard lines. Sinusoidal functions are very common in science and mathematics, as many natural patterns oscillate (such as physical waves, electromagnetic radiation, etc.) We are unsure which value is Page 1. Distance 6. There are intermediate projections with similar properties, of which the best known is the Bonne projection. The sinusoidal projection is appropriate for thematic world maps although its use is not recommended. This article describes an alternative intermediate projection. Specified in [square brackets]: Actual size of the projection (minus the black or white background). U.S. of Map Projections. Area 2. Two Thousand Years Finally, the data are neither conformal, perspective, nor equidistant (USGS 2000). The purpose of the map, then, determines which projection should form the base for the map. angles, and distances are generally distorted. Two Thousand Years A fine globe will place all features within 0.5 mm of the correct location. Direction. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1453. Shapes, directions, Shapes, directions, angles, and distances are generally distorted. Snyder, J. P. and Voxland, P. M. (1989). This has … Distortions are moderate near the projection center. Scale Map projections can be constructed to preserve one or some of these properties, though not all of them simultaneously. The Mercator projection doesn’t preserve area correctly, especially as you get closer to the poles. Distortions are Sinusoidal projection definition is - an equal-area map projection capable of showing the entire surface of the earth with all parallels as straight lines evenly spaced, the central meridian as one half the length of the equator, and all other meridians as curved lines. His name is a latinized version of Gerhard Kramer. The projection is similar to the sinusoidal projection except a meridian follows a section of a parabolic curve. The sinusoidal projection is also known as the Sanson-Flamsteed and Mercator-Sanson projection after the cartographers who used it. Each is distinguished by its suitability for representing a particular portion and amount of the earth's surface and by its ability to preserve distance, area, shape, or direction. U.S. No distortion along the central meridian and the equator. The equator and the central meridian are projected as straight lines, where the projected equator is two times as long as the central meridian. The Nomenclature and Classification of Map Projections, University of Colorado at Boulder - Map Projection Overview with Illustrations, http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php?title=Sinusoidal_projection&oldid=748841. meridian. Map Projections. Press. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Distance Robinson; Sinusoidal Equal Area; Sinusoidal equal-area maps have straight parallels at right angles to a central meridian. Scale is true along 7) Sinusoidal Equal Area The Sinusoidal Equal Area map projection is considered a pseudo-cylindrical projection. The lateral meridians quite excessively bulge outward, producing considerable shape distortion at and near the map outline. the generating equations r = Rp, 0 = A, for the azimuthal equidistant projection can be gen- CONCLUSIONS eralized to create a large class of “new” pro- A recent book includes the following state- jections, namely T = Rpq, B = A, where the ex- ment: zyxwv ponent q is an arbitrary positive element from the set of real numbers. Projections. Bearing 5. The property of the Mercator projection map that made it useful to navigators is that it preserves angles. 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