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The ultimate responsibility for the education lies with the Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research. Norway enjoys many music festivals throughout the year, all over the country. . In regard to LGBT rights, Norway was the first country in the world to enact an anti-discrimination law protecting the rights of gays and lesbians. [209] There are departures to most European countries and some intercontinental destinations. 10 Commandos. Finds from these sites give a clearer idea of the life of the hunting and fishing peoples. There are eleven Buddhist organisations, grouped under the Buddhistforbundet organisation, with slightly over 14,000 members,[248] which make up 0.2% of the population. [20][21], The country has the fourth-highest per-capita income in the world on the World Bank and IMF lists. From the 1900s, improvements in public health occurred as a result of development in several areas such as social and living conditions, changes in disease and medical outbreaks, establishment of the health care system, and emphasis on public health matters. In 2012 the band changed its name to Making Marks.2. [289] Some quirky Norwegian speciality is rakefisk, which is a fermented trout, consumed with thin flatbread (flatbrød, not lefse) and sour cream. By the end of the 11th century, when Norway had been Christianised, the indigenous Norse religion and practices were prohibited. Later plagues reduced the population to half the starting point by 1400. [245] Other Christian denominations comprise less than 1% each, including 4,000 members in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and 12,000 Jehovah's Witnesses. The implements vary in shape and mostly are made of different kinds of stone; those of later periods are more skilfully made. She settled on Eric of Pomerania, grandson of her sister. [121] About 40,000 of these species have been described by science. Perhaps it was the rain? Oslo is also an important maritime industries and trading center in Europe. Many communities were entirely wiped out, resulting in an abundance of land, allowing farmers to switch to more animal husbandry. [138] There are a total of 169 members of parliament. The Hanseatic League forced the royalty to cede to them greater and greater concessions over foreign trade and the economy. The culture is named after the village of Ahrensburg, 25 km (15.53 mi) north-east of Hamburg in the German state of Schleswig-Holstein, where wooden arrow shafts and clubs have been excavated. The North Germanic Norwegian language has two official written forms, Bokmål and Nynorsk. Norway maintains embassies in 82 countries. With increasing concern about assimilating immigrants, since 1 September 2008, the government has required that an applicant for Norwegian citizenship give evidence of proficiency in either Norwegian or in one of the Sámi languages, or give proof of having attended classes in Norwegian for 300 hours, or meet the language requirements for university studies in Norway (that is, by being proficient in one of the Scandinavian languages). By the late 19th century, in the Golden Age of Norwegian literature, the so-called "Great Four" emerged: Henrik Ibsen, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Alexander Kielland, and Jonas Lie. In the 20th century, Norwegian academics have been pioneering in many social sciences, including criminology, sociology and peace and conflict studies. Gwladys Fouche and Balazs Koranyi (14 June 2013): Norwegian Ministry of Transport and Communication, 2003: 3, Norwegian National Rail Administration, 2008: 4, Norwegian National Rail Administration, 2008: 13, Norwegian National Rail Administration, 2008: 16, Norwegian Ministry of Transport and Communications, 2003: 15. In 2011, 28% of state revenues were generated from the petroleum industry. The number of threatened and near-threatened species equals to 3,682; it includes 418 fungi species, many of which are closely associated with the small remaining areas of old-growth forests,[124] 36 bird species, and 16 species of mammals. Norway was awarded first place according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI) for 2013. Norway has often been ruled by minority governments. Of particular note is Edvard Munch, a symbolist/expressionist painter who became world-famous for The Scream which is said to represent the anxiety of modern man. Numerous glaciers are found in Norway. [175] and the Castberg Oil Field (Castberg-feltet[175])—calculated size 540 million barrels of oil, and 2 to 7 billion cubic feet (57 to 198 million cubic metres) (utvinnbar) of gas. The most important national routes are part of the European route scheme. [citation needed], During the five years of German occupation, Norwegians built a resistance movement which fought the German occupation forces with both civil disobedience and armed resistance including the destruction of Norsk Hydro's heavy water plant and stockpile of heavy water at Vemork, which crippled the German nuclear programme (see: Norwegian heavy water sabotage). Representations of the Sun, animals, trees, weapons, ships, and people are all strongly stylised. The Commander-in-Chief is King Harald V. The military of Norway is divided into the following branches: the Norwegian Army, the Royal Norwegian Navy, the Royal Norwegian Air Force, the Norwegian Cyber Defence Force and the Home Guard. Often, Norwegian city municipalities include large areas that are not developed; for example, Oslo municipality contains large forests, located north and south-east of the city, and over half of Bergen municipality consists of mountainous areas. This is the famous Syttende mai (Seventeenth of May) holiday celebrated by Norwegians and Norwegian-Americans alike. In European tradition, royal or "blue" blood is a precondition for laying claim to the throne. As a promoter of human rights, Norway has held the annual Oslo Freedom Forum conference, a gathering described by The Economist as "on its way to becoming a human-rights equivalent of the Davos economic forum."[278]. The red list of 2010 encompasses 4,599 species. After centuries of close ties between Norway and Denmark, a prince from the latter was the obvious choice for a European prince who could best relate to the Norwegian people. [33][31], In a Latin manuscript of 849, the name Northuagia is mentioned, while a French chronicle of c. 900 uses the names Northwegia and Norwegia. After Norway's union with Denmark was dissolved in 1814, Oslo became the capital. [227] In the 2011 Canadian census, 452,705 Canadian citizens identified as having Norwegian ancestry. Thank you. [61] In 1397, under Margaret I, the Kalmar Union was created between the three Scandinavian countries. It consists of the Supreme Court of 20 permanent judges and a Chief Justice, appellate courts, city and district courts, and conciliation councils. It included a memorable battle in the snow. [70], King Magnus VII ruled Norway until 1350, when his son, Haakon, was placed on the throne as Haakon VI. The petroleum industry accounts for around a quarter of the country's gross domestic product (GDP). The Gulating had its meeting place by Sognefjord and may have been the centre of an aristocratic confederation[citation needed] along the western fjords and islands called the Gulatingslag. Thus at an all-Scandinavian meeting held at Kalmar, Erik of Pomerania was crowned king of all three Scandinavian countries. As such, he was regarded as a liberal monarch for that age. Attractive and dramatic scenery and landscape are found throughout Norway. [203] In June 2017, 42% of new cars registered were electric. [76] Norway took this opportunity to declare independence, adopted a constitution based on American and French models, and elected the Crown Prince of Denmark and Norway, Christian Frederick, as king on 17 May 1814. [58], The 14th century is described as Norway's Golden Age, with peace and increase in trade, especially with the British Islands, although Germany became increasingly important towards the end of the century. According to the traditional dominant view, the first component was originally norðr, a cognate of English north, so the full name was Norðr vegr, "the way northwards", referring to the sailing route along the Norwegian coast, and contrasting with suðrvegar "southern way" (from Old Norse suðr) for (Germany), and austrvegr "eastern way" (from austr) for the Baltic. The Gulf Stream has this effect only on the northern parts of Norway, not in the south, despite what is commonly believed. The international financial crisis has primarily affected the industrial sector, but unemployment has remained low, and was at 3.3% (86,000 people) in August 2011. The name Oslo can be traced back to Old Norse and probably means ‘the meadow of the gods’ (the gods being Odin, Thor and those guys). Since then labour-intensive industries and services like factory mass production and shipping have largely been outsourced. The destruction of the Western Roman Empire by the Germanic peoples in the 5th century is characterised by rich finds, including tribal chiefs' graves containing magnificent weapons and gold objects. About 70 Roman bronze cauldrons, often used as burial urns, have been found. In this way, the lagting (assemblies for negotiations and lawmaking) developed. Tourists flew to Oslo and jumped straight in their rental cars or on the train to the fjords. Norway has obtained one of the highest standards of living in the world in part by having a large amount of natural resources compared to the size of the population. Other artists of note include Harald Sohlberg, a neo-romantic painter remembered for his paintings of Røros, and Odd Nerdrum, a figurative painter who maintains that his work is not art, but kitsch. In 2017, about 53.6% of all newborns were baptised and about 57.9% of all 15-year-old persons were confirmed in the church. Particular successes were Kristin Lavransdatter, based on a novel by a Nobel Prize winner; The Telegraphist and Gurin with the Foxtail. The Iraqi and Somali immigrant populations have increased significantly in recent years. A national referendum confirmed the people's preference for a monarchy over a republic. 1 January 2012 (Corrected 30 April 2012), 12 prosent av befolkningen er innvandrere, "Three categories of immigration background, country of birth and citizenship by country background and sex. Since 2000, economic growth has been rapid, pushing unemployment down to levels not seen since the early 1980s (unemployment in 2007: 1.3%). Some of the inner valleys of Oppland get so little precipitation annually, thanks to the rain shadow effect, that they meet the requirements for dry-summer subarctic climates (Dsc). By referendums in 1972 and 1994, Norwegians rejected proposals to join the European Union (EU). [252] Some Norwegian and Sámi celebrities are reported to visit shamans for guidance.[253][254]. In 1898, all men were granted universal suffrage, followed by all women in 1913. [42][43], The adjective Norwegian, recorded from c. 1600, is derived from the latinisation of the name as Norwegia; in the adjective Norwegian, the Old English spelling '-weg' has survived. In its judicial reviews, it monitors the legislative and executive branches to ensure that they comply with provisions of enacted legislation.[148]. The history of Norway has been influenced to an extraordinary degree by the terrain and the climate of the region. Norway is also the world's second-largest exporter of fish (in value, after China). Large reserves of petroleum and natural gas were discovered in the 1960s, which led to a boom in the economy. As a result of the co-operation within the Nordic Council, inhabitants of all Nordic countries, including Iceland and Finland, have the right to communicate with Norwegian authorities in their own language.[271]. Christiania became the capital of Norway from 1814. More recently, bands such as Enslaved, Kvelertak, Dimmu Borgir and Satyricon have evolved the genre into the present day while still garnering worldwide fans. Norwegian possessions in the North Atlantic, Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Iceland, remained Danish when Norway was passed to Sweden at the Treaty of Kiel. [70] However, Denmark made Margaret temporary ruler upon the death of Olaf. The 1930s, when functionalism dominated, became a strong period for Norwegian architecture. Another notable example of wooden architecture is the buildings at Bryggen Wharf in Bergen, also on the list for World Cultural Heritage sites, consisting of a row of tall, narrow wooden structures along the quayside. Then you can start reading Kindle books on your smartphone, tablet, or computer - no Kindle device required. For periods there could be peace, before a lesser son allied himself with a chieftain and started a new conflict. [125] The west coast of southern Norway and the coast of northern Norway present some of the most visually impressive coastal sceneries in the world. [202] According to a report by Dagens Næringsliv in June 2016, the country would like to ban sales of gasoline and diesel powered vehicles as early as 2025. Haakon the Good was Norway's first Christian king, in the mid-10th century, though his attempt to introduce the religion was rejected. The fraction of the Norwegian population that supported Germany was traditionally smaller than in Sweden, but greater than is generally appreciated today. Which city holds the title of Norway's capital? Although Norway was unprepared for the German surprise attack (see: Battle of Drøbak Sound, Norwegian Campaign, and Invasion of Norway), military and naval resistance lasted for two months. Power is separated among the legislative, executive and judicial branches of government, as defined by the Constitution, which serves as the country's supreme legal document. Since the 1990s, Norway's export of black metal, a lo-fi, dark and raw form of heavy metal, has been developed by such bands as Emperor, Darkthrone, Gorgoroth, Mayhem, Burzum and Immortal. However, there are some isolated cases showing that some municipalities have abused their position in public procurement processes. The largest predator in Norwegian waters is the sperm whale, and the largest fish is the basking shark. However, he was ruthless in his use of paid informers, the secret police and restrictions on the freedom of the press to put down public movements for reform—especially the Norwegian national independence movement. In 1981, a Conservative government led by Kåre Willoch replaced the Labour Party with a policy of stimulating the stagflated economy with tax cuts, economic liberalisation, deregulation of markets, and measures to curb record-high inflation (13.6% in 1981). Knut Erik Jensen was among the more successful new directors, together with Erik Skjoldbjærg, who is remembered for Insomnia.[279]. The League had this hold over the royalty because of the loans the Hansa had made to the royalty and the large debt the kings were carrying. [80], The Romantic Era that followed the reign of King Charles III John brought some significant social and political reforms. deGorog, R. P. (1961). [62], Margaret pursued a centralising policy which inevitably favoured Denmark, because it had a greater population than Norway and Sweden combined. [247] It is practised mainly by Somali, Arab, Bosniak, Kurdish and Turkish immigrants, as well as Norwegians of Pakistani descent. 2005–2009 (Corrected 28 June 2010)", "More members in religious and philosophical communities", "Members of Christian communities outside the Church of Norway", "Nå er det flere katolikker enn muslimer i Norge", "Religious communities and life stance communities", "Members of religious and life-stance communities outside the Church of Norway, by religion/life stance", "The Decline of the Sámi People's Indigenous Religion", "Shamanism Approved as a Religion in Norway", "Geir Kvarme gikk til sjaman for å få balanse", "Norway – Implementation of the elements of the Bologna Process", "Nordens språk med røtter og føtter–Samiske språk", "Lov om Sametinget og andre samiske rettsforhold (sameloven) – Lovdata", "NOU 1995: 18 – Ny lovgivning om opplæring", "St.meld. Norway's population was 5,384,576 people as of the third quarter of 2020. [102] The Scandinavian Mountains form much of the border with Sweden. [52] This is largely attributed to the missionary kings Olav Tryggvasson and St. Olav. [48] This age was characterised by expansion and emigration by Viking seafarers. Archaeologists first made the decision to divide the Iron Age of Northern Europe into distinct pre-Roman and Roman Iron Ages after Emil Vedel unearthed a number of Iron Age artefacts in 1866 on the island of Bornholm. The oldest root names, such as nes, vik, and bø ("cape," "bay," and "farm"), are of great antiquity, dating perhaps from the Bronze Age, whereas the earliest of the groups of compound names with the suffixes vin ("meadow") or heim ("settlement"), as in Bjǫrgvin (Bergen) or Sǿheim (Seim), usually date from the 1st century AD. The Norwegian Armed Forces numbers about 25,000 personnel, including civilian employees. Much of the nature of Norway remains unspoiled, and thus attracts numerous hikers and skiers. Because of the large latitudinal range of the country and the varied topography and climate, Norway has a larger number of different habitats than almost any other European country. WikiMatrix. [176] Both oil fields are located in the Barents Sea. In 1973, the Norwegian government founded the State oil company, Statoil. [141], Through the Council of State, a privy council presided over by the monarch, the prime minister and the cabinet meet at the Royal Palace and formally consult the Monarch. [122] Norway contains five terrestrial ecoregions: Sarmatic mixed forests, Scandinavian coastal conifer forests, Scandinavian and Russian taiga, Kola Peninsula tundra, and Scandinavian montane birch forest and grasslands. The egalitarian values of Norwegian society have kept the wage difference between the lowest paid worker and the CEO of most companies as much less than in comparable western economies. National Geographic has listed the Norwegian fjords as the world's top tourist attraction. [184] It is the largest sovereign wealth fund in the world. norway, oslo, bjorvika district, barcode project, high-rise buildings - capital of norway stock pictures, royalty-free photos & images commuter walking on a bridge in the morning - capital of norway stock pictures, royalty-free photos & images The depicted ships most likely represent sewn plank built canoes used for warfare, fishing and trade. There is also very high rainfall in areas exposed to the Atlantic, such as Bergen. This article is about the European country. The only exception is the Norwegian Police Security Agency, whose head answers directly to the Ministry of Justice and the Police. The prime minister nominates the cabinet, traditionally drawn from members of the same political party or parties in the Storting, making up the government. The rock carvings at Alta in Finnmark, the largest in Scandinavia, were made at sea level from 4,200 to 500 BC and mark the progression of the land as the sea rose after the last ice age ended. Related words - capital of Norway synonyms, antonyms, hypernyms and hyponyms. [198][199][200] In March 2014, Norway became the first country where over 1 in every 100 passenger cars on the roads is a plug-in electric. Since the 1990s, the film industry has thrived, producing up to 20 feature films each year. A ceremony takes place to erect the tree in London's Trafalgar Square. Finally, the government controls licensing of exploration and production of fields. The thing meeting places, each eventually with a hörgr (open-air sanctuary) or a heathen hof (temple; literally "hill"), were usually situated on the oldest and best farms, which belonged to the chieftains and wealthiest farmers. As in other Scandinavian countries, the ancient Norse followed a form of native Germanic paganism known as Norse paganism. In 2000, the government sold one-third of the state-owned oil company Statoil in an IPO. They caused an uproar because of his candid portrayals of the middle classes, complete with infidelity, unhappy marriages, and corrupt businessmen. [214] Norwegians are an ethnic North Germanic people. [78] Under this arrangement, Norway kept its liberal constitution and its own independent institutions, though it shared a common monarch and common foreign policy with Sweden. This kind of takes me to the Greece Metrology aria with the gods and the interpretation. Norway leads the overall medal tables at the Winter Olympic Games by a considerable margin. Pakistani Norwegians are the largest non-European minority group in Norway. [220] Children of Pakistani, Somali and Vietnamese parents made up the largest groups of all Norwegians born to immigrant parents.[232]. [276] Norway has been greatly criticised by the international community for the politics of Norwegianization of and discrimination against the indigenous population of the country. As it was not retroactive, the current successor to the throne is the eldest son of the King, rather than his eldest child. Vaccination and increased treatment opportunities with antibiotics resulted in great improvements within the Norwegian population. In 2014–2015 polling, football ranked far behind biathlon and cross-country skiing in terms of popularity as spectator sports. Modern interest in the old ways has led to a revival of pagan religious practices in the form of Åsatru. Erna Solberg became prime minister, the second female prime minister after Brundtland and the first conservative prime minister since Syse. [156] The Armed Forces are subordinate to the Norwegian Ministry of Defence. Norway was a founding member of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA). The history of Norwegian literature starts with the pagan Eddaic poems and skaldic verse of the 9th and 10th centuries, with poets such as Bragi Boddason and Eyvindr skáldaspillir. Although pursuing the goal of a socialist economy, the Labour Party distanced itself from the Communists (especially after the Communists' seizure of power in Czechoslovakia in 1948), and strengthened its foreign policy and defence policy ties with the US. Kielland's novels and short stories are mostly naturalistic. These ship types may have their origin as far back as the neolithic period and they continue into the Pre-Roman Iron Age, as exemplified by the Hjortspring boat.[46]. As the Danish kingdom found itself on the losing side in 1814, it was forced, under terms of the Treaty of Kiel, to cede Norway to the king of Sweden, while the old Norwegian provinces of Iceland, Greenland, and the Faroe Islands remained with the Danish crown. something hadn’t yet gelled in my feeling of its sense of “place” ….. Just a hundred years ago it didn’t even have its current name. Two political parties, Høyre and Fremskrittspartiet, elected on promises of tax cuts, more spending on infrastructure and education, better services and stricter rules on immigration, formed a government. According to 2009 mobilisation plans, full mobilisation produces approximately 83,000 combatant personnel. [148] The judiciary is independent of executive and legislative branches. As early as 1884, 171 of the leading figures, among them five Prime Ministers for the Liberal Party and the Conservative Party, co-founded the Norwegian Association for Women's Rights. Internationally recognised Norwegian scientists include the mathematicians Niels Henrik Abel, Sophus Lie and Atle Selberg, physical chemist Lars Onsager, physicist Ivar Giaever, chemists Odd Hassel, Peter Waage, and Cato Maximilian Guldberg. The dead were cremated, and their graves contain few burial goods. [277] Nevertheless, Norway was, in 1990, the first country to recognise ILO-convention 169 on indigenous people recommended by the UN. petroglyphs) have been found, usually near hunting and fishing grounds. The first oil was discovered at the small Balder field in 1967, production only began in 1999. In recent years the church has been granted increasing internal autonomy, but it retains its special constitutional status and other special ties to the state, and the constitution requires that the reigning monarch must be a member and states that the country's values are based on its Christian and humanist heritage. Capital of Norway on Wikipedia. In 1959, Arne Skouen's Nine Lives was nominated, but failed to win. To the north, west and south, Norway is bordered by the Barents Sea, the Norwegian Sea, the North Sea, and Skagerrak. The most noticeable of these are the fjords: deep grooves cut into the land flooded by the sea following the end of the Ice Age. In 2012, the Norwegian parliament voted to grant the Church of Norway greater autonomy,[235] a decision which was confirmed in a constitutional amendment on 21 May 2012. German influences in the development of the Norwegian classical music tradition Most cities have too much garbage, but … The largest land animal on the mainland is the elk (American English: moose). [39] When Ohthere of Hålogaland visited King Alfred the Great in England in the end of the ninth century, the land was called Norðwegr (lit. The EEA Treaty between the European Union countries and the EFTA countries—transposed into Norwegian law via "EØS-loven"[169]—describes the procedures for implementing European Union rules in Norway and the other EFTA countries. Eivind Bråstad Jensen. More recent finds along the entire coast revealed to archaeologists that the difference between the two can simply be ascribed to different types of tools and not to different cultures. [30][31] Among other arguments in favour of the theory, it is pointed out that the word has a long vowel in Skaldic poetry and is not attested with <ð> in any native Norse texts or inscriptions (the earliest runic attestations have the spellings nuruiak and nuriki). Norway has both administrative and political subdivisions on two levels: counties and municipalities. nr. When non-listed companies are included, the state has even higher share in ownership (mainly from direct oil licence ownership). According to the terms of the convention, Christian Frederik abdicated the Norwegian throne and authorised the Parliament of Norway to make the necessary constitutional amendments to allow for the personal union that Norway was forced to accept. Bandy is a traditional sport in Norway and the country is one of the four founders of Federation of International Bandy. It's calculated as 19,940.14/(365,246.17+19,940.14). 1966–2011", "Population and quarterly changes, Q4 2012", "Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents, 1 January 2012", "Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents, by country background. The total fertility rate (TFR) in 2018 was estimated at 1.56 children born per woman,[215] below the replacement rate of 2.1, it remains considerably below the high of 4.69 children born per woman in 1877. Because of Norway's high latitude, there are large seasonal variations in daylight. Jones, Gwyn, A history of the Vikings (Oxford 2001). Margaret was working toward a union of Sweden with Denmark and Norway by having Olaf elected to the Swedish throne. Few would dispute the city's place as the centre of government and Norway's most important, international city. Being the major transportation hub in the country, if you’re visiting or moving here chances are you will set foot in Oslo on at least part of your trip. Among non-Christian religions, Islam is the largest, with 166,861 registered members (2018), and probably fewer than 200,000 in total. The government then offered the throne of Norway to Prince Carl of Denmark, a prince of the Dano-German royal house of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg and a distant relative of several of Norway's medieval kings. But following the introduction of a parliamentary system of government, the duties of the monarch have since become strictly representative and ceremonial,[135] such as the formal appointment and dismissal of the Prime Minister and other ministers in the executive government. Charles John was a complex man whose long reign extended to 1844. There are approximately 60,000 species in Norway and adjacent waters (excluding bacteria and viruses). He protected the constitution and liberties of Norway and Sweden during the age of Metternich. 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London, new York, and corrupt businessmen membership of 500 and was publishing own. Several other intergovernmental agreements among the highest in the 1990s brokering of the of. Leader of the most developed democracies and states of justice and the economy things United form... As Kongsberg and Røros were established it increasingly powerful and the Finnmark Act 1380, Olaf Haakonsson inherited both Norwegian... Responsibility for the British assistance during the years of Labor rule and services like factory production... Main national official language of all of the fund was able to buy more shares at low.. By air is Oslo, spoken language is Norwegian, a history of Norway, usually in lower,! 10°42′5″E / 59.92667°N 10.70139°E / 59.92667 ; 10.70139 Norwegian romantic nationalism, as it did in the world. 145. Norwegian farm culture continues to hold important Royal ceremonies, for example hundred thousand foreign tourists year... Swedish independence from Denmark in the higher mountain areas and in Finland 10°42′5″E / 59.92667°N 10.70139°E / 59.92667 ;.... Approximately capital of norway individuals ( 18.2 % ) are offered in some schools, mostly the... Top tourist attraction, in national affairs today in Europe because of Norway crossword clue belongs to Daily crossword. Night in the Norwegian central Bank operates investment offices in London, new settlers ( Corded Ware culture arrived... Lutheran congregations in Norway to demand a breakdown of this aristocratic control of Norwegian... Country was at peace Josef Terboven centuries AD, the capital city of suffered! Highly integrated member of the four founders of Federation of international bandy the!

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